Hiperparatireoidismo secundário à doença renal crônica em pacientesem diálise no Pará - Brasil / Secondary hyperparathyroidism to chronic renal disease in dialysis patients in Para – Brazil

Objetivo: estabelecer a frequência do hiperparatireoidismo secundário entre pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva em serviço de nefrologia do sudeste do Pará (Brasil).Métodos: estudo do tipo transversal retrospectivo e descritivo realizado com levantamento de dados em sistema eletrônico de prontuários referentes ao primeiro semestre de 2014.Resultados: foram analisados dados de 108 pacientes, com média de idade de 47,8 ± 12,0 anos (20-65), sendo 64 (59,3%) do sexo masculino. A frequência de hiperparatireoidismo secundário foi de 57,4%, correspondendo a um total de 62 pacientes com paratormônio acima de 300 pg/ml. Um nível de paratormônio superior a 1000 pg/ml foi encontrado em 12,0% (n=13) da amostra. Conclusão: a ocorrência de hiperparatireoidismo secundário encontrada foi similar a outros estudos retrospectivos já publicados. Este levantamento de dados pode colaborar para melhorar o planejamento da assistência a pacientes em diálise.

Objective: to establish the frequency of secondary hyperparathyroidism on renal replacement therapy patients on the nephrology service of southeast Para (Brazil). Methods: retrospective cross-sectional survey based on available electronic medical records data referring to the first semester of 2014.Results: data from 108 patients with an average age of 47.8 ± 12.0 years (20-65) were analyzed, 64 patients (59.3%) were male. The frequency of secondary hyperparathyroidism was 57.4%, corresponding to a total of 62 patients with parathyroid hormone above 300 pg/ml. Parathyroid hormone levels greaterthan 1000 pg/ml were found in 12.0% (n=13) of the sample. Conclusion: the occurrence of secondary hyperparathyroidism was similar to other retrospective studies published. This data collection can contribute to improve the assistance program for dialysis patients.

Impact of physical therapy on functional capacity and life quality of patients with chronic kidney disease / Impacto da fisioterapia na qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional em pacientes com doença renal crônica

Introduction Studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of exercise in patients with chronic kidney disease, however, based on current scientific literature, more research is needed to increase evidence level of potential effects of physical activity for this population. Objective To evaluate effects of physical therapy based on the supervised exercise practice on functional capacity and life quality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods This quasi-experimental study, with repeated measures design, was conducted in the ambulatory of physical therapy, in a public hospital, located in a city of the state of Pará (north region of Brazil). Functional capacity and life quality were assessed at baseline and after six weeks of aerobic and resistance training performed three times per week on alternate days with hemodialysis. Results Eight patients (3M / 5F) with a mean age of 60.38 years (SD = 14.75) were evaluated. There was significant increase of 24% in distance walked in six minute walk test (p = 0.007), and of 47% in number of repetitions during sit-to-stand test (p = 0.002); there was also significant improvement in emotional role (p = 0.043) of life quality assessed with SF36 questionnaire. Conclusion There was a positive impact of only six weeks of rehabilitation with physical exercise on functional capacity and emotional role of life quality of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Introdução Estudos têm demonstrado efeitos benéficos do exercício em pacientes com doença renal crônica, no entanto, com base na literatura científica atual, mais pesquisas são necessárias para aumentar o nível de evidência dos efeitos potenciais de atividade física para esta população. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da fisioterapia baseada na prática de exercício supervisionado sobre a capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença renal crônica. Material e métodos Este estudo quase-experimental, com repetidas medidas projeto, foi realizado no ambulatório de fisioterapia, em um hospital público, localizado em uma cidade do estado do Pará (região norte do Brasil). A capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida foram avaliadas no início e após seis semanas de treinamento aeróbico e de resistência realizados três vezes por semana em dias alternados com hemodiálise. Resultados Oito pacientes (3M / 5F), com idade média de 60,38 anos (DP = 14,75) foram avaliados. Houve aumento significativo de 24% da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (p = 0,007), e de 47% no número de repetições durante o teste sit-to-stand (p = 0,002); também houve melhora significativa nos aspectos emocionais (p = 0,043) da qualidade de vida avaliada com questionário SF-36. Conclusão Houve um impacto positivo de apenas seis semanas de reabilitação com exercício físico na capacidade funcional e aspectos emocionais da qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença renal crônica.

[Effects of breathing exercises on breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion after gastroplasty]. / Efeitos de exercícios respiratórios sobre o padrão respiratório e movimento toracoabdominal após gastroplasti.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion during breathing exercises. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with class II or III obesity (18 women; 6 men) were studied on the second postoperative day after gastroplasty. The mean age was 37 +/- 11 years, and the mean BMI was 44 +/- 3 kg/m(2). Diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device and incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device were performed in random order. Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used in order to measure respiratory variables and thoracoabdominal motion. RESULTS: Comparisons among the three exercises showed significant differences: tidal volume was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing; the respiratory rate was lower during incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device than during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device; and minute ventilation was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing. Rib cage motion did not vary during breathing exercises, although there was an increase in thoracoabdominal asynchrony, especially during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device. CONCLUSIONS: Among the breathing exercises evaluated, incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device provided the best results, because it allowed slower, deeper inhalation.

Effects of breathing exercises on breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion after gastroplasty / Efeitos de exercícios respiratórios sobre o padrão respiratório e movimento toracoabdominal após gastroplastia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion during breathing exercises. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with class II or III obesity (18 women; 6 men) were studied on the second postoperative day after gastroplasty. The mean age was 37 ± 11 years, and the mean BMI was 44 ± 3 kg/m². Diaphragmatic breathing, incentive spirometry with a flow-oriented device and incentive spirometry with a volume-oriented device were performed in random order. Respiratory inductive plethysmography was used in order to measure respiratory variables and thoracoabdominal motion. RESULTS: Comparisons among the three exercises showed significant differences: tidal volume was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing; the respiratory rate was lower during incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device than during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device; and minute ventilation was higher during incentive spirometry (with the flow-oriented device or with the volume-oriented device) than during diaphragmatic breathing. Rib cage motion did not vary during breathing exercises, although there was an increase in thoracoabdominal asynchrony, especially during incentive spirometry with the flow-oriented device. CONCLUSIONS: Among the breathing exercises evaluated, incentive spirometry with the volume-oriented device provided the best results, because it allowed slower, deeper inhalation.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o padrão respiratório e o movimento toracoabdominal durante exercícios respiratórios. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro pacientes com obesidade de nível II e III (18 mulheres; 6 homens) foram estudados no segundo dia pós-operatório após gastroplastia. A média de idade era de 37 ± 11 anos, e a média de IMC era de 44 ± 3 kg/m². Exercício diafragmático, espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo e espirometria de incentivo orientada a volume foram realizados em ordem aleatória. A pletismografia respiratória indutiva foi utilizada para avaliar variáveis do padrão respiratório e do movimento toracoabdominal. RESULTADOS: As comparações entre os exercícios demonstraram diferenças significativas: maior volume corrente durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo ou orientada a volume (vs. exercício diafragmático), menor frequência respiratória durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a volume (vs. espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo), e maior ventilação minuto durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo ou orientada a volume (vs. exercício diafragmático). O movimento toracoabdominal não foi modificado durante os exercícios respiratórios e houve um aumento na assincronia toracoabdominal, especialmente durante a espirometria de incentivo orientada a fluxo. CONCLUSÕES: Entre os exercícios respiratórios avaliados, a espirometria de incentivo orientado a volume forneceu os melhores resultados, pois possibilitou uma inspiração mais lenta e profunda.